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Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment

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How to Prevent Fractures

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density and deterioration of bone structure. As a result, bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, even with minimal trauma. Fractures — especially of the hip, spine, and wrist — can significantly reduce quality of life, particularly in older adults. However, osteoporosis is not a life sentence. It can and should be prevented, and if necessary, effectively treated.

What is an Osteoporotic Fracture?

Osteoporotic fractures occur from minimal trauma or even without a visible cause. The most vulnerable areas include:

  • Hip (femoral neck)
  • Spine (compression fractures)
  • Wrist (distal radius)
  • Ribs

These fractures heal slowly and can lead to disability and loss of independence.

Osteoporosis and Fracture Prevention

1. Healthy Nutrition

  • Calcium is essential for strong bones. Daily requirement: 1000–1200 mg.
    Sources: dairy products, sesame seeds, broccoli, almonds, fish with bones (sardines).
  • Vitamin D helps calcium absorption. Daily requirement: 800–1000 IU.
    Sources: sunlight, fatty fish, eggs, mushrooms, and supplements if needed.

2. Physical Activity

  • Regular exercise strengthens bones and muscles and improves coordination.
  • Recommended types of activity:
    • Walking, Nordic walking
    • Dancing, yoga, Pilates
    • Strength training with light weights

3. Avoid Harmful Habits

  • Smoking accelerates bone loss.
  • Excessive alcohol disrupts calcium and vitamin D metabolism.
  • Too much caffeine promotes calcium loss.

4. Fall Prevention

Especially crucial for seniors:

  • Use non-slip shoes and rugs
  • Install handrails in the bathroom and on stairs
  • Ensure good lighting at home
  • Practice balance and flexibility exercises

Osteoporosis Diagnosis

Bone Densitometry (DEXA)
This is a non-invasive test that measures bone density and assesses fracture risk. Recommended for:

  • Women over 50
  • Men over 60
  • Individuals with risk factors (family history, hormonal disorders, long-term steroid use, etc.)

Osteoporosis Treatment

If osteoporosis is diagnosed, it’s important to start treatment under medical supervision. Common strategies include:

1. Medications

  • Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate): slow bone tissue breakdown.
  • Denosumab: reduces fracture risk in older adults.
  • Teriparatide: stimulates new bone formation.
  • Hormone therapy: used for postmenopausal women.

2. Vitamins and Minerals

  • Vitamin D and calcium are prescribed as supplements when dietary intake is insufficient.

3. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

  • Helps restore mobility after fractures and reduce the risk of future ones.
  • Customized programs under the supervision of specialists.

Special Attention for Older Adults

Older individuals are particularly vulnerable because:

  • Their bones lose density faster
  • Fall risk is higher due to decreased vision, balance, and muscle strength

Therefore, it’s essential to:

  • Schedule regular check-ups
  • Follow tailored physical activity plans
  • Take a comprehensive approach (therapy + home safety)
Modern Technologies in Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatment

1. Genetic Testing

Some medical centers offer DNA analysis to determine genetic predisposition to osteoporosis — especially important if there’s a family history of fractures or early osteoporosis.

2. Biomarker Testing

Blood tests can detect markers of bone degradation and regeneration, helping to personalize treatment and monitor its effectiveness.

3. Personalized Medicine

With AI and digital tools, doctors can analyze individual risks and create customized prevention and treatment plans.

Who Is at Risk?

Special attention should be paid if you have any of the following risk factors:

  • Family history of fractures
  • Female gender and age over 50
  • Menopause (especially early onset)
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
  • Smoking and alcohol abuse
  • Thyroid disorders, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis
  • Use of glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can osteoporosis be completely cured?
Osteoporosis is a chronic condition, but proper treatment can stop its progression and significantly reduce fracture risk.

How often should I get a DEXA scan?
If you’re at risk — every 1–2 years, as recommended by your doctor.

Can I exercise if I have osteoporosis?
Yes! Physical activity strengthens bones. Just choose safe, low-impact exercises and avoid high-risk movements.

What foods should be avoided with osteoporosis?
Limit salt, sugar, soda, and excessive coffee — they can increase calcium loss.

What Can You Do Right Now?
  1. Check your diet — Are you getting enough calcium and vitamin D?
  2. Evaluate your activity level — Are you doing strength and balance exercises at least 3 times a week?
  3. Book a DEXA scan — Especially if you’re over 50 or have risk factors.
  4. Consult a doctor — Even if you feel fine. Prevention is always easier than treatment.

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